Direct combination or synthesis

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Direct combination or synthesis: in which 2 or more chemical elements or compounds unite to form a more complex product: N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3

A chemical synthesis begins by selection of compounds that are known as reagents or reactants. Various reaction types can be applied to these to synthesize the product, or an intermediate product. This requires mixing the compounds in a reaction vessel such as a chemical reactor or a simple round-bottom flask. Many reactions require some form of work-up procedure before the final product is isolated.

Isomerisation

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Isomerisation: in which a chemical compound undergoes a structural rearrangement without any change in its net atomic composition.

Isomerisation is the process by which one molecule is transformed into another molecule which has exactly the same atoms, but the atoms are rearranged e.g. A-B-C → B-A-C (these related molecules are known as isomers).

Formation_of_decaphenylferrocene_linkage_isomer

Examples of exothermic reactions

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exothermic-reaction
An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat. It is the opposite of an endothermic reaction. Expressed in a chemical equation:
reactants → products + energy

Examples of exothermic reactions
  • Combustion reactions of fuels
  • Neutralization reactions such as direct reaction of acid and base
  • Adding concentrated acid to water
  • Burning of a substance
  • Adding water to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate
  • The thermite reaction
  • Reactions taking place in a self-heating can based on lime and aluminum
  • The setting of cement and concrete
  • Many corrosion reactions such as oxidation of metals
  • Most polymerisation reactions
  • The Haber-Bosch process of ammonia production
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