Cascade reaction in alkyne chemistry

Cascade reaction
A cascade reaction or tandem reaction or domino reaction is a consecutive series of intramolecular organic reactions which often proceed via highly reactive intermediates. It allows the organic synthesis of complex multinuclear molecules from a single acyclic precursor. The substrate contains many functional groups that take part in chemical transformations one at the time. Often a functional group is generated in situ from the previous chemical transformation. The definition includes the prerequisite intramolecular in order to distinguish this reaction type from a multi-component reaction. In this sense it differs from the definition of a biochemical cascade. The main advantages of a cascade reaction in organic synthesis are that the reaction is often fast due to its intramolecular nature, the reaction is also clean, displays high atom economy and does not involve workup and isolation of many intermediates.A cascade reaction is sometimes called a living reaction because it shares some characteristics with a living polymerization. In cascade reactions one can identify an initiation site, a relay moiety and a termination moiety. Examples of cascade reactions are numerous (e.g. the Aldol-Tishchenko reaction) and especially so in alkyne chemistry (the Banert cascade to name just one) or polyolefin polycycloisomerizations. Other alkyne coupling reactions are classified based on common features such as type of compound synthesised, for instance the spiro mode cascade.