What are Atoms | molecules

Atoms Around UsIf you want to have a language, you will need an alphabet. If you want to build proteins, you will need amino acids. Other examples in chemistry are not any different. If you want to build molecules, you will need elements. Each element is a little bit different from the rest. Those elements are the alphabet to the language of molecules. Why are we talking about elements? This is the section on atoms. Let's stretch the idea a bit. If you read a book, you will read a language. Letters...

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Induction in stereochemistry

CRAMS RULE IN ASYMMETRIC INDUCTIONAsymmetric induction in stereochemistry describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment . Asymmetric induction is a key element in asymmetric synthesis.Asymmetric induction was introduced by Emil Fischer based on his work on carbohydrates . Several types of induction exist.Internal asymmetric...

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SYNTHESIS OF BETA CAROTENE BY BASF AND ROCHE SYNTHESIS

Synthesis of Carotenoids by BASF AND ROCHE synthesisThe first total synthesis of beta-carotene were reported in 1950 by Karrer and Eugster, Inhoffen et al and Milas et al . There are now many methods known, and beta-carotene is produced industrially on a large scale.Beta-carotene contains 40 carbon atoms, ie it is a C40 carotenoid. There are numerous methods of joining two or three smaller molecules to give the required carbon skeleton. These can be classified as symmetric or unsymmetric. An example...

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