How to Read UN Packaging Codes

The basis of all national and international regulations for the safe transport of dangerous goods are the Recommendations ("Specification") of the "UN Committee of Experts" as published in "The Orange Book".

There are five different (relevant) Modal Authorities who each publish their own regulation manuals in which they follow "The Orange Book".

These are the:
The Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air published by the International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO).

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) published by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).

The European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) published by The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).

The International Agreement for the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID) published by The Intergovermental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail (OTIF).

The Hazardous Materials Regulations (Title 49 CFR Parts 100-185) published by The Office of Hazardous Materials Safety, US DOT.

What are Dangerous Goods?

Goods which are classified as dangerous for transport range from those which are highly dangerous (such as explosives and fuming acids) to everyday products such as paints, solvents and pesticides found in the home and at work. Dangerous goods, which can also be called "Hazardous Materials" (mainly in the US), may be substances or products. The transport of such goods is regulated to ensure the safety of life, of the ship, aircraft or vehicle, and of other goods (such as foodstuffs) being transported. For example, solvents must be in sealed airtight containers otherwise the fumes could affect people in the close vicinity. Other substances may not be harmful unless they come into contact with fire or water, but for safety purposes these are also classified as dangerous goods.

When transporting "Hazardous Materials", in most cases, the packaging has to be certified to UN standards. The international agreements for the carriage of dangerous goods require packaging to be of a design-type certified by a national competent authority. This involves testing the packaging against the appropriate UN specification to ensure its suitability for the carriage of certain dangerous goods. Such packaging is often referred to as "type-approved", "UN Approved" or "UN certified" and marked in a particular way, prefixed by the UN logo and followed by codes.

The UN Marking System

The U.N. marking system indicates several characteristics of the packaging, as well as information on the test levels the packaging has successfully passed. Because these test levels are related to the hazard level and physical and chemical characteristics of the substance to be filled, the markings also indicate some of the properties of the materials that may be packed in each container.

A sample UN Marking:
1H2 / Y1.8 / 100 / 08 / F / OA30900


UN The United Nations Coding System


1
Type of Container
1. Drums/Pails
2. Barrels
3. Jerricans
4. Boxes
5. Bags
6. Composite Packagings


H
Material of Construction
A. Steel
B. Aluminum
C. Wood
D. Fibre
E. Plastic


2
Category Within Type
1. Closedhead
2. Openhead


Y
Packaging Group for which container was tested
X. for Packaging Group I, II, III
Y. for Packaging Group II and III
Z. for Packaging Group III
Packaging Group I: Great Danger - high hazard levelPackaging Group II: Medium Danger - medium hazard levelPackaging Group III: Minor Danger - low hazard level


1.8
Density or specific gravity of material packedORFor packaging intended for Solids (powders, pills, capsules, tablets) or that have inner packaging, this marking will indicate the maximum gross mass (weight) in kilograms.


100
Hydraulic pressure in kilo-pascal (kPa)ORFor packaging intended for Solids or that have inner packaging, an "S" in upper case will follow the gross mass.


08
Current year


F
Country where container was manufactured


OA30900
Code for manufacturing plant

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Part-Time Courses for Regulatory Affairs, Quality control and Quality Assurance in Mumbai

What is Regulatory Affairs?
Regulatory Affairs (RA) is an upcoming profession within the biomedical / health products sector. RA profession at its heart is all about Collecting, Analyzing and Communicating the Risks and Benefits of health care products to regulatory agencies and public all over the world.

In an organization their prime responsibilities involves preparation and presentation of registration documents to regulatory agencies and carry out all following discussion to obtain and maintain marketing authorization (MA) for the products concerned.

They need to keep a track on ever changing legislation in all countries where the companies is looking to market their product.

RA profession is broader than registration of products, they advise companies both strategically and technically at the highest level. Their role begins right from development of a product to making, marketing and post marketing. Their advice at all stages both in terms of legal and technical requirements and restrains help companies save a lot of time and money in developing the product and marketing the same.

They have a major contribution in company’s success both Commercially and Scientifically.

Careers in Regulatory Affairs:-
Pharma is a highly regulated industry the world over and professionals, who can manage regulatory affairs, are in high demand.

Selling drugs is not like selling anything else, when we sell drugs we need to be confident that
They do what they claim to do They have been through a tough testing process to get from the lab to the market The side effects are well documented.

This is where regulatory affairs come in.

“Regulatory Affairs Professional is the key link to distributing your drugs to world region.”

The Indian Pharmaceutical industry is one of the fastest growing industry in India, with a CAGR of over 13 % in last 5 years and it is expected to grow at a higher rate in coming 10 years. It is valued at $ 8.0 billion approximately and ranks 4th in terms of volume and 13th in terms of value globally.

With such a high growth rate and rapid globalization there is a substantial need for highly trained professionals ready to perform the work required within this specialized industrial sector who will keep updates with regulatory law, policies and procedures for one or more product lines as well as maintain an understanding of the scientific and technical background of new products.
The increasing graph of the global companies’ setup in India demands the trained and skilled professional on a Handsome Salary, looking back for past few years rise in salary is multiplying.
There is a widening gap of rising demand and too few skilled human resource, this has seen a 50 % zoom on average in salaries for skilled manpower specifically in CRO sector alone. On an average there has been over 30% rises in salaries in Pharmaceutical Sector.

Research & Development activity in the Pharma sector is seeing a rapid growth and this growth is only poised to increase the need for skilled manpower and higher pay scale to retain the skilled.

What you will need to become a RA professional :-
A good background knowledge of the pharmaceuticals and medical environment A meticulous approach to work.Attention to detail.

Academic Qualification in Regulatory Affairs
You can expect to work in a multidisciplinary workplace where scientists and medics will come from very different backgrounds. Excellent written and verbal communication skills are a must as is the ability to work effectively under pressure.

It is not easy for any Science Graduate to get a good salary hike in the pharmaceutical/chemical industry without having the appropriate qualification/knowledge. However, when a person spends at least 2-3 years in the same field, he/she can master the job. However, to be a project leader or to get into the higher ranks of the organization, a person needs to be aaware of the changing trends of the industry. This is where Regulatory Affairs plays an important role. With environmental issues cropping up each day and the stringent measures adopted by Environmental Protection agencies, FAO and the WHO and other NGOs, it is very important for an organization to have an individual who can flexibly handle and understand all the critical procedures of the company and can help in the amooth functioning of the company.
For all Life Science Graduates or Basic Science Graduates working in Pharmaceuticals /Agrochemicals companies, can enhance their knowledge and have an edge over your peers by having any additional Diploma or Certificate courses.

Some of the institutes offering courses on the same lines through Part-time for working professionals or Through distance Education are:
Institute of Pharmaceutical Management - (IPM), Dombivli.
Global Institute of Regulatory Affairs, Pune.
Bioinformatics Institute of India, Noida.

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UN Packing Group for Pesticides/Agrochemicals

AGROCHEMICALS PACKING GROUPS
ALPHA-CYPERMETHRIN. III
CYPERMETHRIN III
ACEPHATE II
ACETAMIPRID III
ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE I
BIFENTHRIN III
BUPROFEZIN III
CARBARYL III
CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE III
CHLORPYRIFOS III
DELTAMETHRIN II & III
DIAZINON III
DICHLORVOS II & III
DICOFOL II & III
DIMETHOATE III
ENDOSULFAN II
ETHION II
CARBENDAZIM III
COPPER OXYCHLORIDE III
HEXACONAZOLE II & III
MANCOZEB III
METALAXYL III
PROPICONAZOLE III
PROPINEB II & III
ANILOPHOS II
ATRAZINE III
BPMC III
BUTACHLOR III
CLODINAFOP-PROPARGYL III
2,4-D SODIUM SALT III
2,4 D DIMETHYL AMINE SALT III
2,4-D ETHYL ESTER II & III
FENOXAPROP-P-ETHYL III
GLYPHOSATE III
CARBENDAZIM + MANCOZEB III
CHLORPYRIFOS + CYPERMETHRIN III
QUINALPHOS + CYPERMETHRIN I & III
DELTAMETHRIN + TRIAZOPHOS II & III
ALPHA NAPHTHYL ACETIC ACID II & III
AMINO ACID III
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS N/A
UREA III
MICRONUTRIENTS N/A
FIPRONIL III
FENVALERATE III
IMIDACLOPRID III
INDOXACARB III
LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN III
MALATHION III
METHYL PARATHION II
MONOCROTOPHOS II
OXYDEMETON-METHYL III
PERMETHRIN III
PHOSPHAMIDON II
PROFENOFOS III
QUINALPHOS I & II
TEMEPHOS III
THIAMETHOXAM II & III
TRIAZOPHOS III
ZINC PHOSPHIDE I
SULFUR III
THIOPHANATE METHYL III
THIRAM III
TRICYCLAZOLE II
VALIDAMYCIN III
ZIRAM I & III
IMAZETHAPYR III
ISOPROTURON III
METRIBUZIN III
OXYFLUORFEN 95 % II
OXYFLUORFEN 24 % III
PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE II
PENDIMETHALIN III
PRETILACHLOR III
SULFOSULFURON III
METSULFURON METHYL III
TRICLOPYR III
STREPTOMYCIN + TETRACYCLINE II
MANCOZEB + METALAXYL III
PROFENOPHOS + CYPERMETHRIN III
ETHION + CYPERMETHRIN II & III
ETHION II
BENTONITE SULPHUR PASTILLES III
ETHEPHON III
GIBBERELLIC ACID III

Note: Packing Group/Class for all pesticides/ fungicides/ herbicides/ weedicides/ insecticides (Agrochemicals) varies with Different formulations.

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Ginkgo biloba: A source of Nutraceuticals Endangered

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba, also spelled gingko), also known as the Maidenhair Tree after Adiantum, is a unique species of tree with no close living relatives. The ginkgo is classified in its own division, the Ginkgophyta, comprising the single class Ginkgoopsida, order Ginkgoales, family Ginkgoaceae, genus Ginkgo and is the only extant species within this group. It is one of the best-known examples of a living fossil, because Ginkgoales other than G. biloba are not known from the fossil record after the Pliocene.

For centuries it was thought to be extinct in the wild, but is now known to grow in at least two small areas in Zhejiang province in Eastern China, in the Tian Mu Shan Reserve. However, recent studies indicate high genetic uniformity among ginkgo trees from these areas, arguing against a natural origin of these populations and suggesting that the ginkgo trees in these areas may have been planted and preserved by Chinese monks over a period of about 1000 years. Whether native ginkgo populations still exist has not been demonstrated unequivocally.
The relationship of Ginkgo to other plant groups remains uncertain. It has been placed loosely in the divisions Spermatophyta and Pinophyta, but no consensus has been reached. Since Ginkgo seeds are not protected by an ovary wall, it can morphologically be considered a gymnosperm. The apricot-like structures produced by female ginkgo trees are technically not fruits, but are seeds that have a shell that consists of a soft and fleshy section (the sarcotesta), and a hard section (the sclerotesta).

Kingdom- Plantae -Plants
Subkingdom- Tracheobionta Vascular plants
Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division Ginkgophyta – Ginkgo
Class Ginkgoopsida
Order Ginkgoales
Family Ginkgoaceae – Ginkgo family
Genus Ginkgo L. – ginkgo
Species Ginkgo biloba L. – maidenhair tree

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GMP or Good Manufacturing Practice

GMP refers to the Good Manufacturing Practice Regulations promulgated by the US Food and Drug Administration under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic

These regulations, which have the force of law, require that manufacturers, processors, and packagers of drugs, medical devices, some food, and blood take proactive steps to ensure that their products are safe, pure, and effective. GMP regulations require a quality approach to manufacturing, enabling companies to minimize or eliminate instances of contamination, mixups, and errors. This in turn, protects the consumer from purchasing a product which is not effective or even dangerous. Failure of firms to comply with GMP regulations can result in very serious consequences including recall, seizure, fines, and jail time.

GMP regulations address issues including recordkeeping, personnel qualifications, sanitation, cleanliness, equipment verification, process validation, and complaint handling. Most GMP requirements are very general and open-ended, allowing each manufacturer to decide individually how to best implement the necessary controls. This provides much flexibility, but also requires that the manufacturer interpret the requirements in a manner which makes sense for each individual business.

GMP is also sometimes referred to as "cGMP". The "c" stands for "current," reminding manufacturers that they must employ technologies and systems which are up-to-date in order to comply with the regulation. Systems and equipment used to prevent contamination, mixups, and errors, which may have been "top-of-the-line" 20 years ago, may be less than adequate by today's standards.

At the GMP Institute, we believe that GMP is a good business tool which will help to refine both compliance and performance at your company. GMP requirements are largely common sense practices which will help your company better itself as it moves toward a quality approach using continuous improvement. The diagram at left illustrates how we approach creating and maintaining a GMP lifestyle in a company. First, set standards of performance. These include GMP regulations and other standards which are necessary for your company. Then, train to those standards. All departments in the company should be trained (to varying degrees) on GMP and other standards. The diagram lists four types of employees which are especially critical to train: top management, managers and supervisors, operators and technicians, and support staff. Because training is such an important part of maintaining a GMP Lifestyle, the GMP Institute focuses heavily on training. We offer many workshops for a variety of types of people. GMP 101 is a great introduction to the concepts of GMP and the reason behind it. Additionally, we offer workshops to help in house trainers perfect the art of training, and to help them learn how to make GMP an interesting topic. We even offer a certification program for trainers.

The next step in the GMP Lifestyle is to reinforce what was learned in training. This falls on the managers and supervisors in a plant. Therefore, it is important that managers and supervisors be involved in training, so that they can support it through reinforcement. The same four job categories are listed as being the most critical in promoting and receiving reinforcement.
The third stage is to audit to ensure that your efforts have provided adequate controls by auditing. Audits fall in the following three categories: personal, whereby every individual does a self-check to make sure that he/she is complying with all appropriate standards; internal audit, which should be performed by the quality assurance department as required by GMP, and external audits, which can consist of an FDA audit, a consultant checking your compliance status, or you performing a supplier audit. The GMP Institute also offers workshops for auditors needing training.

Finally, the results of audits will help you to know if you need to modify your standards of performance. Of course, no procedures should be changed without appropriate change control and approval from quality assurance. The glue that sticks the whole process together is commitment. Commitment to GMP and quality is critical at all levels of the organization, starting with top management. If you foster commitment, use this process, and attend GMP Institute workshops when necessary, you will help you make GMP a Lifestyle, Not Just a Regulation in your company. You will then improve the overall performance of your workforce, as well as your FDA compliance.

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Good laboratory practice or GLP

Good laboratory practice or GLP generally refers to a system of management controls for laboratories and research organizations to ensure the consistency and reliability of results - as outlined in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Principles of GLP and national regulations.

GLP applies to non-clinical studies conducted for the assessment of the safety of chemicals to man, animals and the environment.

Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) embodies a set of principles that provides a framework within which laboratory studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded, reported and archived. These studies are undertaken to generate data by which the hazards and risks to users, consumers and third parties, including the environment, can be assessed for pharmaceuticals (only preclinical studies), agrochemicals, cosmetics, food additives, feed additives and contaminants, novel foods, biocides, detergents etc.

GLP helps assure regulatory authorities that the data submitted are a true reflection of the results obtained during the study and can therefore be relied upon when making risk/safety assessments.

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What are the Benefits of Ginseng?

The Chinese people have used ginseng in herbal medicine for centuries. Rhizomes resembling the human form are thought to be more valuable medicinally. Ginseng rhizomes contain substances called ginsenosides, a class of chemical compounds responsible for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cancer preventing properties. Ginseng is used to cure the entire body and is not used for a specific organ or body part.

Check with your doctor for contraindications before using ginseng products. There may be adverse effects such as insomnia, headaches, uterine bleeding, or diarrhea if ginseng is consumed over a period of time or with other medications. Ginseng is also considered to be a stimulant, so caffeine and other stimulants should be avoided when using ginseng.

Studies show that ginseng is a non-toxic herb, although as with any herb or medicine, avoid excessive or prolonged use. The recommended dosage is 0.5 to 2 grams of rhizome per day, the equivalent of approximately 1 to 5 thin slices of rhizome. Ginseng should not be used for more than three consecutive months without a 2-week break from use.

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How to make Ginseng Tea

Ginseng tea is slightly sweet at first but may have a strong biting or even bitter aftertaste. It is often mixed with chrysanthemum tea and sweetened with sugar or honey.

The first method for making ginseng tea is to pour boiling water over 3 to 5 thin slices of ginseng and let steep for 5 minutes—more if you prefer stronger tea, less if you prefer weaker tea.

Alternatively, boil 3 cups of water, add 8 to 10 ginseng slices, and then simmer for 15 to 20 minutes. Strain and let cool. It can be served warm or cold as an iced ginseng tea. Store the tea in the refrigerator.

Or, try the Korean version of ginseng tea. Place thinly sliced pieces of ginseng rhizome in a ceramic, glass, or stainless steel bowl and add a few teaspoons of honey. Let sit for 30 minutes, and then pour boiling water over the mixture to make the tea.

Tea can also be made with liquid extract or ginseng powder. For liquid extract, mix one cup of extract with one cup of boiling water. For powder, dissolve 1 teaspoon in one cup of boiling water.
It is also possible to use a standardized extract to make tea by adding a few drops to hot water in a cup. Be advised that extracts may contain small amounts of alcohol unless otherwise stated.

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Saponins

Saponins belongs to a class of chemical compounds, one of the many secondary metabolites found in natural sources, particularly abundant in various plant species. Specifically, they are amphipathic glycosides grouped phenomenologically by the soap-like foaming they produce when shaken in aqueous solutions, and structurally by their composition of one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpene derivative. A ready and therapeutically relevant example is the cardio-active agent digoxin, from common foxglove.

Saponins are glucosides with foaming characteristics. Saponins consist of a polycyclic aglycones attached to one or more sugar side chains. The aglycone part, which is also called sapogenin, is either steroid (C27) or a triterpene (C30). The foaming ability of saponins is caused by the combination of a hydrophobic (fat-soluble) sapogenin and a hydrophilic (water-soluble) sugar part. Saponins have a bitter taste. Some saponins are toxic and are known as sapotoxin.
Saponins are phytochemicals which can be found in most vegetables, beans and herbs. The best known sources of saponins are peas, soybeans, and some herbs with names indicating foaming properties such as soapwort, saoproot, soapbark and soapberry. Commercial saponins are extracted mainly from Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria.

Saponins have many health benefits. Studies have illustrated the beneficial effects on blood cholesterol levels, cancer, bone health and stimulation of the immune system. Most scientific studies investigate the effect of saponins from specific plant sources and the results cannot be applied to other saponins.

Cholesterol reduction

Saponins bind with bile salt and cholesterol in the intestinal tract. Bile salts form small micelles with cholesterol facilitating its absorption. Saponins cause a reduction of blood cholesterol by preventing its re-absorption.
Reduce cancer risk

Studies have shown that saponins have antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities and can lower the risk of human cancers, by preventing cancer cells from growing. Saponins seem to react with the cholesterol rich membranes of cancer cells, thereby limiting their growth and viability. Roa and colleagues found that saponins may help to prevent colon cancer and as shown in their article "Saponins as anti-carcinogens" published in The Journal of Nutrition (1995, 125, 717s-724S). Some studies have shown that saponins can cause apoptosis of leukemia cells by inducing mitotic arrest.
Immunity booster

Plants produce saponins to fight infections by parasites. When ingested by humans, saponins also seem to help our immune system and to protect against viruses and bacteria.
Reduce bone loss

Studies with ovariectomized induced rats have shown that some saponins, such as the steroidal saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides, a Chinese herb, have a protective role on bone loss.
Antioxidant

The non-sugar part of saponins have also a direct antioxidant acitivity, which may results in other benefits such as reduced risk of cancer and heart diseases.

Saponins from Yucca and Quillaja are used in some beverages, such as beer, to produce a stable foam. The detergent properties of saponins have led to their use in shampoos, facial cleansers and cosmetic creams.

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Tribestan: A Plant Saponin

Tribestan is the component of Tribulu/Gokshura that makes it such a powerful herb. Tribestan is known as a saponin, which are natural chemical structures that have nutraceutical, or healing, properties.
Tribulus terrestris is an herb that has been used in the traditional medicine of China and India for centuries. The active compounds in tribulus are called steroidal saponins. Tribulus is most often used for infertility, erectile dysfunction, and low libido. In the last decade, it has become popular to improve sports performance. Since the body's natural testosterone promotes protein synthesis and positive nitrogen balance, the benefits for the professional or the recreational athlete engaged in active training and workout, are muscle cell growth and increased body strength as well as faster recuperation and recovery from muscular stress.

Tribestan is a completely natural non-hormonal herbal (phytochemical) biostimulator derived from the plant Tribulus terrestris L., Bulgaricum, which contains predominantly saponins of furostanol type, with prevailing quantity of protodioscin (not less than 45% in Tribestan). It is a natural herbal alternative to synthetic anabolic hormones without any clinically proven toxic effects.Tribestan administration leads to increased muscle mass in active sports by activating the enzyme associated with energy metabolism. At the same time it has also been reported to have the ability to stimulate some functions associated with the increase of the body's natural endogenous testosterone and lutenizing hormone (LH) levels.

Recommended dosage is 2 grams (½ - 1 teaspoon) three times each day with meals.

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How to prepare Varicose Vein Massage Oil

Varicose Vein Massage Oil:
6 drops cypress
2 drops sandalwood
2 drops peppermint
Mix with carrier oil.

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How to prepare Massage Oil for Soothing

Massage Oil for Soothing:

2 drops sandalwood
2 drops lavender
2 drops juniper
Mix with carrier oil.

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The 20 Essential oils for Aromatherapy

Essential Oils:

1:Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens and P. roseum, Geraniaceae) – Geranium essential oil has a rose like fragrance. Medicinal properties of this essential oil include being an astringent and insect repellant and an antiseptic. Geranium essential oil is often used for such health difficulties as tonsillitis, sore throat, kidney stones, nervous tension and depression.
2:Rose (Rose centifolia, R. damascene, Rosaceae) – Rose is one of the most expensive essential oils according to many aromatherapy experts. Because of this, this oil is often adulterated. This particular oil is very difficult to fine in a pure form. Rose oil has various medicinal properties including being an astringent, a tonic, and an antidepressant. In energy healing rose oil is used when working with the heart chakra.

3:Lavender (Lavandula officinalis) – Lavender is a favorite aromatic of many people. It is also known to be one of the most precious of all the essential oils. The best variety of this particular essential oil is known as lavender fine. The medicinal claims of this essential oil include, being good for the nervous system, the respiratory system and even the ability to be utilized as an insect repellant. Migraines, depression, and insomnia are just three reasons you might want to include the use of lavender essential oil. It is also often used as an antiseptic for burns and wounds.

4:Rosemary (Rosamarinus officinalis) – Rosemary essential oil has an invigorating fragrance. Medicinal claims of this oil include stimulating the adrenocortical glands and the ability to act as a diuretic. Other indications for this essential oil include items such as mental fatigue, memory loss, rheumatism, and gouty arthritis.

5:Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) – The essential oil of eucalyptus is known to be a produced in such areas as Australia and Portugal. In fact, the Aborigines considered this oil to be a general cure-all. Eucalyptus oil is used for various respiratory diseases such as asthma, sinusitis, and even the flu. This oil has a medicinal smelling fragrance which is camphor like.

6:Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) – Tea Tree is an essential oil often used as a general cure-all and first aid kit. This oil tends to have a very strong medicinal fragrance. Some indications for this oil include fungal infections, urinary infections, and cystitis.

7:Pepper (Piper nigrum Piperaceae) – Yes, pepper is an essential oil. This ancient spice was, in fact, used as currency during the Middle Ages. Some indications for this oil include fever, cold, cough, decreased appetite, and impotence.

8:Sandalwood (Santalum album, Santalaceae) – The essential oil of sandalwood has a sweet and spicy smell. This particular oil is has medicinal properties which include that of being an astringent and also being an aphrodisiac. Some health conditions indicating the use of sandalwood include gonorrhea and cystitis.

9:Ylang-Ylang (Unona odorantissimum, Anonaceae) – Ylang-Ylang is an essential oil that has a sweet and exotic fragrance. The powerful fragrance of this oil is often sickening to many people. The medicinal properties of this oil include being euphoric and being a sedative. Indications for use of this essential oil include depression, insomnia, and high blood pressure.

10:Sage (Salvia officinalis) – Sage is a very versatile plant often used for medicinal purposes. Sage can benefit health difficulties such as anemia, menopause, kidney problems, mouth ulcers and tonsillitis.

11:Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) – Patchouli has a sweet a spicy fragrance with a harsh smell that some people do not like. Indications for this essential oil include anxiety, skin problems and water retention.

12:Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris A. herba alba) – The fragrance of the essential oil of Mugwort is a slightly musky. Some of the indications for Mugwort oil include amenorrhea, hysteria, convulsion, nervous emesis (vomiting), and epilepsy.

13:Cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica) – Cedarwood essential oil has, of course, a woody fragrance. Its fragrance is very pleasant and is similar to that of sandalwood. Medicinal properties of this oil include being a fungicidal. Indications for this oil include urinary tract disorders, hair care such as hair loss, and skin problems such as eczema.

14:Marjoram (Origanum marjorana Marjorana hortensi) – Marjoram essential oil has a sweet-smelling fragrance. It is often used in the cosmetic and perfume industries. Aromatherapy researchers have found that according to mythology, Marjoram was picked on the Mount Ida by Aphrodite to heal Enea’s wounds. Antispasmodic, analgesic, and digestive are medicinal claims of this essential oil. Other indications for Marjoram include insomnia, migraine headaches, and hypertension.

15:Peppermint (Mentha piperita) – Peppermint is produced worldwide. It has numerous uses in the food industry and it is also used in cosmetics and perfumes. One of the specific indications for this essential oil is impotence.

16:Rosewood (Aniba roseaodora, Lauraceae) – Rosewood oil is known as one of the major oils in the perfume industry. Indications for the essential oil of Rosewood include various skin problems such as sensitive skin, wrinkled skin, and skin wounds.

17:Grapefruit (Citrus paradise) – Grapefruit essential oil is mostly produced in the United States. It has a clean citrus fragrance. Grapefruit is used in perfumery and in the food service industry. This essential oil claims a specific therapeutic indication for obesity.

18:Neroli (Orange Blossom, Citrus vulgaris) – Neroli biguarade is the name for real neroli. The essential oil of neroli boasts the claim as one of the most expensive oils. Because of this, it is often adulterated. Its fragrance has a sweet floral essence. Medicinal properties of this oil include the following: antidepressant, sedative, aphrodisiac. Energy healers use Neroli essential oil for stimulation of the heart chakra. Indications for this oil include insomnia, nervous tension, emotional shock and grief.

19:Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) – Fennel essential oil has a strong fragrance. It is recorded that this oil was used by people as a protection against evil spirits and witchcraft during the Middle Ages. The medicinal properties of this essential oil are diuretic, antispasmodic, and laxative. Uses for the essential oil of fennel include such health problems as amenorrhea, kidney stones, menopausal difficulties, and obesity.

20: Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum) – Anise is mentioned in one of the best selling books – the Bible. It is one of the main medicinal plants in India, Greece and Rome. Its medicinal properties include general stimulant for the digestive system, respiratory system and cardiac system. It boasts the claim of having the medicinal property of being an aphrodisiac which is stupefying at high doses. Indications for this oil include health difficulties such as impotence and epilepsy.

There are many uses for the variety of essential oils available. For the most part, they are easy to use. If you would like to find out more about essential oils, and how to incorporate them into your lifestyle, look for a variety of books on aromatherapy at your local library. Another way to obtain additional information on aromatherapy and the essential oils used is to consult with an alternative health care provider or a certified massage therapist.

For the following recipes, it is recommended that you use the ratio of 12 drops of essential oil per one ounce of carrier oil. Carrier oils can be almost any type of vegetable oil, including canola oil. You can also use apricot, avocado, or various other oils. Indulge and enjoy the following aromatherapy treats!

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Kalonji/Nigella Seeds: Natural Cure and Benefits

Indian names:

English: Nigella Seeds

Gujarati: Kalonji

Kannada: Kalu jeerege

Malayalam: Karunjiragam

Tamil: Karunjeeragam

Telugu: Nalla jeelakara/Kalonjilu

Kalonji, which may also be called nigella, refers to small black seeds grown on Kalonji bushes, which are grown widely through India. The plant may have originally been grown in Turkey and/or Italy, but according to herbal lore has been grown in India for several millennia. Kalonji is both flavoring, added to a variety of traditional foods, and an herbal remedy that has been touted as the magic bullet for a variety of ailments.

Kalonji seeds are about the same size as sesame seeds, though they have a more triangular instead of oval shape. In foods, you’ll find kalonji seeds in a variety of recipes. They may be added to traditional Indian flatbread (naan), any type of curry or stew, and to dal. Lovers of these little black seeds praise their nutlike, somewhat peppery taste. To make this taste most evident, kalonji may be prepared first by being roasted in a pan. Due to the high oil content, it is unnecessary to add other oils during the roasting process.

Sometimes the seeds are used to make oil. It’s rare to find such oil outside of India or Arabic countries, but you can order it online. It’s normally used more as an herbal remedy than as cooking oil, and may be present in a variety of lotions or ointments to treat skin conditions.
Some of the ailments which kalonji purportedly cures include:

Common cold

Male pattern baldness

Facial paralysis

Kidney and Bladder stones

Earache

Asthma

Dysentery

Amnesia

Heart Palpitations

Rabies

The list of supposed cures is extremely extensive and nigella is said to cure anything short of death or plague. These are obviously inflated claims with little evidence to prove any truth regarding most of them. The use of these black seeds may be helpful as a laxative because of their high oil content, and the oil made from the seeds might be helpful in treating dry skin. Beyond that, most of the purported herbal remedies are based on slim and anecdotal evidence, with little Western medical evidence in the form of double-blind clinical trials to support claims of the magic cures the seeds supposedly offer.

Despite dubious claims regarding health benefits, these black seeds can be a tasty addition to foods, and if they do promote health, this may be the ideal use of kalonji. Consider topping breads with kalonji, adding a few seeds to soups or stews, or mixing them into hummus for extra texture.

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The magical Barley, Wheat and Kalonji decoction/juice for Diabetes

Diabetes can be controlled by having control in our diet and going for some rigorous exercises. However, here is a preparation that would make curing diabetes much easier. Now a days a lot of people, old men women in particular suffer a lot due to Diabetes.

Ingredients:
Wheat flour 100 gm
Gum (of tree) (gondh) 100 gm
Barley 100 gm
Black Seeds (kalonji) 100 gm

Method of Preparation
Put all the above ingredients in 5 cups of water.Boil it for 10 minutes and put off the fire. Allow it to cool down by itself.When cold, filter out the seeds and preserve the water in a glass bowl or bottle.

How to use it?
Take one small cup of this water every early morning in empty stomach.Continue this for 7 days. Next week repeat the same but in alternate days.

Even with the hardest of luck, if a person is not cured, this combination just becomes your mornings nutritious juice and in no way harms your body. If foods have side effects, better one can stop eating as well.

OR

Pray saying this line as much as you can:
"Who forgiveth all mine iniquities, who healeth all my diseases". (Psalms 103:3)

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Best Herbal treatments for Diabetes

Ayurvedic practitioners also use several herbal preparations for diabetics. Exercise is another cornerstone of ayurvedic treatment of diabetes. Yoga and breathing exercises are traditionally used.

HerbsThe most important herbs for all doshas are shilajit, gudmar turmeric, neem, amalaki, guggul, and arjuna. Turmeric with aloe vera gel (1 to 3 gms./.035 to .1 oz) is best used during the early stages of diabetes for regulating pancreas and liver functions.

1. Juice of bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica dioica, Roxb., Karela), or Rose apple (Eugenia Jambos, Linn., Jambu) or two tender leaves of Bilva (Aegle Marmelos, Corr., Bael fruit) and Neem (Melia azadirachta, Ravipriya, or Indian Lilac) may be taken on empty stomach daily. Juice of Jambu should be taken in an ounce quantity twice daily, and that of Karela in 1-1/2 ounce dose daily. Shilajit (Swertia Decussata Nimmo.) is another useful medicine (250 mg as a single dose) should be taken, twice daily with juice of stone apple.

2. Use turmeric. Fill some 00-size capsules with turmeric, and take 2 capsules 3 times a day, a few minutes before meals. Continue this program for up to a month, and then reevaluate your condition. Clinical observation suggests that a person who is insulin dependent will experience a markedly diminished requirement for insulin; the diabetes can often be brought under control.

3. Take 1/2 teaspoon of ground bay leaf and 1/2 teaspoon turmeric, mixed in 1 tablespoon aloe vera gel. Take the mixture twice a day before lunch and dinner.

4. The ayurveda preparation Vasanta Kusumakar Ras, is very good but is extremely costly. Take two grains daily with a tsp. of cream or honey. In certain cases, the said medicine brings down sugar lever quite quickly, hence sugar-levels should be carefully monitored. When sugar has touched its normal range, the dose should be tapered in a graduated manner, and added with 500 mg pill of Chandraprabhavati which is called a 'Poor man's remedy.'

5. Mix and grind seeds of Fenugreek (Methi) 100 gm, turmeric 50gm, Dakhni Mirch (white pepper). Take one teaspoon of this powder with a glass of milk twice daily. Alternately, immerse and soak one teaspoon of fenugreek seed in water. Take this in the morning, with water or with milk.

6. Take twice daily, with powder of rose apple stones (powder of Jambu or Jamun-ki-Guthali).7. Include decoctions of triphala, fenugreek, musta, arjuna, sandalwood, lodhra, ajwan, gokshura, vidanga, guduchi, haritaki, and chitrak. These may be taken with a small amount of ghee. Gudmar and shilajit are excellent.

8. Amalaki Churna (500mg), Haldi Powder (Turmeric Powder) 500mg and Naag Bhasma (125mg) should be taken with honey, twice daily ( A 12-hourly dose ).

Diet

Follow the kapha-pacifying diet. Avoid excess intake of sweets, carbohydrates, and dairy products. Take more fresh vegetables and bitter herbs. Other useful foods include: roasted or fried barley, corn flour, light, bitter vegetables, barley porridge, ghee, rice, and herbs like gokshura, gudmar, triphala, musta, cardamom, fenugreek, or coriander, mixed with honey. Triphala with amalaki juice can also be used to heal prameha. Barley is the main food to heal urinary diseases. Other ayurvedic methods to heal prameha (diabetes) include strenuous exercises, oil massage, steam, sitz or waist bath, and sprinkling of water and ointment. Dry ginger, cardamom, and sandalwood may be used in baths or taken orally. Gudmar is the best herb for digesting sugar in the pancreas. A combination of gudmar and shilajit is an excellent remedy for diabetes that is often prescribed by Ayurvedic practitioners.

Eliminate all objects that contain sugar from diet, like wheat, rice, potato, sugar, sugar cane and its juice, jaggery , sweet fruits. Reduce fats, especially butter and ghee from diet. Take barley soaked in a triphala decoction overnight, then mixed with honey and eaten several times a day. Orange, and lemon, may be taken as and when needed. Take bitter melon, in any form, without any fear, and Jamun and powder of its seed. Take plenty of green vegetables, black gram, soy, fish etc.

Copper Water

Put one cup of water into a copper vessel at night, and drink the water in the morning.

Exercise

Take morning and evening walk Do Pranayama Do yoga asanas

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Tea Tree Oil: Only treatment for Onchomycosis without side-effects

Latin Name: Melaleuca alternifolia

Other Names: Melaleuca oil, Australian tea tree oil

Tea tree oil is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia, a plant native to Australia.

Historically, the leaves were used as a substitute for tea, which is how tea tree oil got its name. The part used medicinally is the oil from the leaves.

Why Do People Use Tea Tree Oil?
Tea tree has a long history of traditional use. Australian aboriginals used tea tree leaves for healing skin cuts, burns, and infections by crushing the leaves and applying them to the affected area.

Tea tree oil contains consituents called terpenoids, which have been found to have antiseptic and antifungal activity. The compound terpinen-4-ol is the most abundant and is thought to be responsible for most of tea tree oil's antimicrobial activity.

People use tea tree oil for the following conditions:
Acne
Athlete's foot
Dandruff
Vaginitis
Thrush
Periodontal disease
As an antiseptic
Boils
Lice
Eczema
Psoriasis
Yeast infection

Sources of Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil is most commonly found as a pure essential oil. It is also an ingredient in creams, ointments, lotions, soaps, and shampoos.
Tea tree oil should not be confused with Chinese tea oil, cajeput oil, kanuka oil, manuka oil, ti tree oil, and niauouli oil.

What is the Evidence for Tea Tree Oil?
There have only been a few, older clinical trials looking at the effectiveness of tea tree oil in humans.

Athlete's Foot
A randomized controlled trial examined the use of 25% tea tree oil solution, 50% tea tree oil solution, or placebo in 158 people with athlete's foot. After twice daily applications for 4 weeks, the two tea tree oil solutions were found to be significantly more effective than placebo.
In the 50% tea tree oil group, 64% were cured, compared to 31% in the placebo group. Four people using the tea tree oil withdrew from the study because they developed dermatitis (which improved after discontinuing tea tree oil use). Otherwise, there were no significant side effects.

Fungal Infection of the Toenails
A randomized, controlled trial published in the Journal of Family Practice looked at the twice-daily application of 100% tea tree oil or 1% clotrimazole solution (a topical antifungal medication) in 177 people with toenail fungal infection. After 6 months, the tea tree oil was found to be as effective as the topical antifungal, based on clinical assessment and toenail cultures.
Another randomized, controlled trial examined the effectiveness and safety of a cream containing 5% tea tree oil and 2% butenafine hydrochloride in 60 people with toenail fungal infection. After 16 weeks, 80% of people using the cream had significant improvement compared to none in the placebo group. Side effects included mild inflammation.
A third double-blind study looked at 100% tea tree oil compared with a topical antifungal, clotrimazole, in 112 people with fungal infections of the toenails. The tea tree oil was as effective as the antifungal.

Acne
A single-blind randomized trial by the Department of Dermatology at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Australia compared the effectiveness and tolerance of 5% tea tree oil gel with 5% benzoyl peroxide lotion in 124 people with mild to moderate acne. People in both groups had a significant reduction in inflamed and non-inflammed acne lesions (open and closed comedones) over the three month period, although tea tree oil was less effective than benzoyl peroxide.
Although the tea tree oil took longer to work initially, there were fewer side effects with tea tree oil. In the benzoyl peroxide group, 79 percent of people had side effects including itching, stinging, burning, and dryness. Researchers noted that there were far less side effects in the tea tree oil group.

Dandruff
A single-blind study examined the use of 5% tea tree oil shampoo or placebo in 126 people with mild to moderate dandruff. After 4 weeks, the tea tree oil shampoo significantly reduced symptoms of dandruff.

Safety Concerns

Occasionally, people may have allergic reactions to tea tree oil, ranging from mild contact dermatitis to severe blisters and rashes.
Undiluted tea tree oil may cause skin irritation, redness, blistering, and itching.
Tea tree oil should not be taken internally, even in small quantities. It can cause impaired immune function, diarrhea, and potentially fatal central nervous system depression (excessive drowsiness, sleepiness, confusion, coma).
The tea tree oil in commercial toothpastes and mouthwashes is generally considered to be acceptable because it is not swallowed. Avoid homemade tea tree oil mouthwashes.
Seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of overdose: excessive drowsiness, sleepiness, poor coordination, diarrhea, vomiting.
Don't use tea tree oil if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Keep tea tree oil out of the reach of children and pets.

the price of Tea Tree Oil in India is approx. Rs.140 INR for 30 ml (USD 2.5) and is available with exporters in Matunga and Mazgaon.

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Regulatory Affairs: A booming Career for Chemistry and LifeScience Professionals.

Regulatory Affairs is a comparatively new profession which has developed from the desire of governments to protect public health, by controlling the safety and efficacy of products in areas including pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines, medical devices, pesticides, agrochemicals, cosmetics and complementary medicines.

The Regulatory Affairs professional’s job is to keep track of the ever-changing legislation in all the regions in which the company wishes to distribute its products. They also advise on the legal and scientific restraints and requirements, and collect, collate, and evaluate the scientific data that their research and development colleagues are generating. They are responsible for the presentation of registration documents to regulatory agencies, and carry out all the subsequent negotiations necessary to obtain and maintain marketing authorization for the products concerned. They give strategic and technical advice at the highest level in their companies, right from the beginning of the development of a product, making an important contribution both commercially and scientifically to the success of a development programme and the company as a whole.

Regulatory Affairs professionals help the company avoid problems caused by badly kept records, inappropriate scientific thinking or poor presentation of data. In most product areas where regulatory requirements are imposed, restrictions are also placed upon the claims which can be made for the product on labeling or in advertising. The Regulatory Affairs department will take part in the development of the product marketing concepts and is usually required to approve packaging and advertising before it is used commercially.

Many companies operating in the high-technology health-care and related industries operate on a multinational basis and are very significant exporters. Their Regulatory Affairs departments must be aware of the regulatory requirements in all the company’s export markets. As an added complication, despite recent international efforts towards harmonization of requirements, the regulations laid down by different governments and their interpretation by the regulatory agencies, rarely match. Consequently, the registration data prepared for one country frequently fail to meet the requirements for another. Therefore great care has to be taken in drawing up efficient and smart programmes whose results may be used as widely as possible. Regulatory Affairs professionals, with their detailed knowledge of the regulations and guidelines, are frequently called in to advice on such matters.

Why is Regulatory Affairs important?

In today’s competitive environment the reduction of the time taken to reach the market is critical to a product’s and hence the company’s success. The proper conduct of its Regulatory Affairs activities is therefore of considerable economic importance for the company. A good Regulatory Affairs professional will have a ‘right first time’ approach and will play a very important part in coordinating scientific endeavor with regulatory demands throughout the life of the product, helping to maximize the cost-effective use of the company’s resources. The Regulatory Affairs department is very often the first point of contact between the government authorities and the company. The attitudes and actions of the Regulatory Affairs professionals will condition the perceptions of the government officials to the company -for better, or for worse! Officials respond much better to a company whose representatives are scientifically accurate and knowledgeable than to one in which these qualities are absent. The importance of the Regulatory Affairs function is such that senior Regulatory Affairs professionals are increasingly being appointed to boardroom positions, where they can advise upon and further influence the strategic decisions of their companies.

How do Regulatory Affairs professionals relate to other professionals?

The very nature of the task to be done brings regulatory personnel into contact with almost every discipline within the industry. An ability to liaise closely with every kind of specialist is a crucial part of the job. Not only must there be the ability to use and assimilate information provided by such specialists, but also to present that information to regulatory authorities and feed-back their opinions to the rest of the company and appraise staff about the current thinking of the regulatory bodies. In short, the regulatory specialist is central to the business and has the opportunity to interact with a wide range of specialties and extend his or her knowledge while doing so.

What makes a good Regulatory Affair professional?

Most regulatory professionals are graduates in a scientific discipline – commonly life sciences or pharmacy – although increasingly biotechnology-based degrees are valuable. The ability to tackle data in a wide range of scientific areas and to quickly grasp new concepts and complex technical information is vital. Communication skills are very important. Analyzing issues and presenting both written and oral evidence before a panel of experts such as scientists, pharmacists, doctors and lawyers who run the government agencies require considerable understanding of both legal and scientific matters. An attention to detail is a pre-requisite. An analytical frame of mind is important, too. An ability to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the technical and legal options open to a company and to the agency concerned is crucial. A high degree of sensitivity is required when proposing and executing the strategy and tactics needed to obtain marketing approval in a way which will satisfy the authorities and serve the best needs of the company. Considerable care must be exercised if the best possible case is to be presented to the authorities for the company. It must be done without obscuring the facts, enabling the authorities to arrive at a proper and rightful conclusion regarding safety, efficacy and quality of the product under application. Regulatory professionals must always exercise considerable judgment in the practice of their role. Integrity and the ability to inspire trust and confidence are valuable attributes. Good regulatory people ‘make it happen’.

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The UN Marking System for Agrochemicals - Pesticides, Insecticides, Weedicides, Fungicides, herbicides and Fertilizers

The U.N. marking system indicates several characteristics of the packaging, as well as information on the test levels the packaging has successfully passed. Because these test levels are related to the hazard level and physical and chemical characteristics of the substance to be filled, the markings also indicate some of the properties of the materials that may be packed in each container.

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Green food supplements

Green food supplements are one of the most amazing and all natural food supplements that can be considered to be a health food supplement daily has excellent proven benefits.

What are green food supplements?
These all natural food supplements use the power of nature to help provide your body with the vitamins, minerals and enzymes it desperately needs. Providing these through diet alone can be quite difficult so these supplements are well worth taking.

What do green food supplements contain?
Green food supplements are made of super green foods which help to alkalize, energize and nourish the body's cells along with balancing the body's pH level. Listed below are some of the main ingredients contained in green food supplements.


Wheatgrass is one of the super green foods which helps to create a very unfavourable environment for bacteria.

Tumeric root is an antifungal and an antiparasitic. It helps to cleanse the blood and has been used in many herbal medicines.

Spirulina is high in protein and it helps protect the body's immune system as well as lowering cholesterol and helping to stabilize blood sugar levels. Spirulina is made from a blue-green algae- a cyanobacteria.

Kelp is a seaweed that is used in green food supplements. Kelp is a rich source of vitamins and minerals and this seaweed has been used in the treatment of under active thyroid problems.

Chlorophyll which is contained in the green part of plants has been found to aid in the healing of intestinal ulcers, liver disorders, eczema, gastritis, asthma, constipation, bleeding gums, and burns. Chlorophyll is the green coloration in leaves.

Green tea(Camelia sinensis) is a very powerful antioxidant and has been shown to help with diabetes, helps in reducing weight and removal of cholesterol or unsaturated fats from the body, prevents oxidation thereby showing anti-ageing effects.

Barley grass is another super green food used in all natural food supplements. Barley grass is a source of chlorophyll and it supports the body's immune system and helps with cleansing. It helps in curing a condition known as Fluid retention, thereby making it useful in treatment of Diabetes as well.

Alfalfa which is one of the most mineral rich green foods contains Vitamins A and C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus which are all needed to maintain a healthy body.

Some of the products are:

Macro Greens Nutrient-Rich Super Food Supplement, 30 Day Supply - 10 oz

Macro Greens Nutrient-Rich Super Food Supplement, 12 Single Serving Packets

Macro Greens Nutrient Rich Super Food Supplement, 2 oz

Super Green Energy Food, SuperFood Supplement, Nature's Secret - 300 Tablets ( 20 Convenient Day Packs )

Vital Greens, Vital Earth, 180 Capsules

Eco Green Multi 120 Tablets - 120 tab

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What are Amino Acids

Amino acids are the building blocks of ALL proteins. They build the cells, repair tissues, are responsible for production of enzymes, and play a key role in mental health.

The breakdown of proteins into amino acid is the first amino acid function. From here the amino acids combine with nitrogen where they can then be transformed into thousands of different protein forms that the body can use.

Some amino acid basics you should know; there are 20 amino acids that the body uses to construct proteins. These are broken down into essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids.

What is an essential amino acid?
Amino acid basics include the fact that there are 8 amino acids that the body cannot manufacture and these are called essential amino acids. These amino acids must be supplied in our food. However, the term non-essential should not mislead you. All amino acids are essential for proper protein synthesis.

What do you need for proper protein synthesis?
In order to achieve proper protein synthesis all of the required amino acids must be present in the body at the same time and in the right quantity. If there is one essential amino acid in very short supply it is known as the limiting amino acid and this will restrict the quantity of protein that can be synthesized regardless of how much of the other amino acids are available.

When studying amino acid basics we see that a shortage of even one amino acid can cause protein synthesis to be greatly reduced and it can stop altogether if left untreated.

What Is Complete Protein and Incomplete Protein?
Protein can be classified as complete and incomplete. Complete protein comes from animal sources such as meat, chicken, fish, dairy products, and eggs.

Complete protein contains all the essential amino acids the body needs. These animal proteins are also the only reliable source of vitamin B12 but they do lack in fiber and often contain large amounts of saturated fat and cholesterol.

Incomplete protein comes from fruits and vegetables. These foods are low in one or more of the essential amino acids. Nuts, seeds, legumes, and grains all vary in their protein content and vegetarians will needs to combine these foods in the right way to get complete protein. Vitamin B12 however, will still need to be supplemented.

Vegetarians should note however, that soybeans are one of the few vegetable sources that will supply complete protein which will give a little more flexibility when combining foods.

Other Amino Acid Information:
• Vitamin B6 and Vitamin C are the vitamins needed for amino acid metabolism and to help with the absorption of amino acids. Include these vitamins with your amino acid supplements

• If amino acid supplements are administered, L-Forms are recommended as they are more acceptable to the body.
• Check that your amino acid supplement contains all the essential amino acids in the right proportions.
• If a single amino acid as a supplement is administered, taking it with empty stomach may help its absorption.

• Keep in mind, the amino acid basics; amino acids work best when all of essential and non-essential ones are provided to the body.

Therefore, it is good idea to add a complete amino acid supplement to your individual amino acid supplementation.

Amino acids are also used as agrochemicals; as plant nutrients. One of the major producers of amino acids for agriculture is Tagrow having a wide range of products under the brand names AminoGrow 40/ AminoGrow 50 / AminoUp / AminoZym / AminoPlus.

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Cholesterol: And Its effects

Cholesterol is a type of fat made in the liver and found in animal foods.

CHOLESTEROL IS NEEDED FOR IMPORTANT BODY FUNCTIONS. Such as...

* Building cell walls
* Protecting nerves
* Making hormones.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CHOLESTEROL.
* THE GOOD. (HDL or High Density Lipid)
* THE BAD and the UGLY!! (LDL or Low Density Lipid..)

A higher level of HDL is needed to carry LDL from the BLOOD back to theLIVER to be ELIMINATED from the body.If there is a higher level of LDL cholesterol in the BLOOD this may:
* Cause high blood pressure!
* Raise your risk of heart attack!
* Raise your risk of stroke!
* Cause the kidneys to fail!

Cholesterol is broken down into LDL which is needed by the body cells. Once the cells are satisfied the unused LDL remains to become what is known asblood cholesterol.The main danger of high blood cholesterol is that fatty plaques may formwhich will decrease the diameter of blood vessels. This leads to arestriction of the flow of blood and oxygen to the tissues of the body.

* If an artery supplying blood to the HEART becomes blocked you may have aheart attack!
* If an artery supplying blood to the BRAIN becomes blocked you may have aStroke!
* If an artery supplying blood to the kidney becomes blocked you may sufferkidney failure.WHAT CAUSES HIGH BLOOD
The main causes are:
* Eating too much high saturated fat. i.e. fat found in butter and dairyproducts, cakes biscuits and take away foods.
* Being overweight..* Not exercising.

WHAT CAN ONE DO TO LOWER YOUR CHOLESTEROL?
Eat more of:
* Fruits and vegetables.
* Oily fish (tuna, mackeral and herring).
* Skinless chicken.
* Fibre rich foods, e.g. oats and wholemeal bread.
Eat less of:
* Fried take away fast foods.
* High fat dairy products and eggs.
* Saturated fats and oils.
* Biscuits, cakes and pastries.

USE:
* Unsaturated margarine instead of butter.
* Unsaturated oils (olive oil) instead of lard.
* Low fat cooking methods: steaming, grilling and microwaving.
* Make exercise a part of your day. (Walking is good).
* Not smoke
* Drink more water.

THE LINK BETWEEN BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND HEART DISEASE IS CLEAR.STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT IF AN AVERAGE MAN CAN REDUCE HIS BLOOD CHOLESTEROLBY ONLY 10% HE CAN REDUCE HIS RISK OF HEART ATTACK BY UP TO 50%!!

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Sodium Lauryl sulfate: A food additive and its side effects

Chemical Name: Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) - RN: 151-21-3

Molecular Formula: C12-H26-O4-S.Na

Molecular Weight: 288.38

Color/Form: White or cream-colored crystals, flakes, or powder.

Odor: Faint odor of fatty substances.

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a detergent surfactant commonly used as a cleansing agent in all sorts of personal care products. It appears in toothpastes, shampoos, bubble baths, shaving creams -- any product that requires suds. Sodium lauryl sulfate is useful in a wide variety of personal care applications in which viscosity building and foam characteristics are of importance. Because of its low salt content, this product is particularly useful in formulations that are sensitive to high levels of sodium chloride. It is compatible with alkanolamides and amphoterics so that maximum optimization of foam and viscosity characteristics can be reached in the finished product.

Who uses Sodium lauryl sulfate?

Brand Name Products:
Ivory Hand Dishwashing Liquid
Crest Cavity Protection Cool Mint Gel
Aussie Mega Shampoo with Papaya Extract
Sesame Street Bubble Bath, Splashin Berry Bubbles
Herbal Essence Ultra Rich Moisturizing Body Wash
Colgate Kids Looney Tunes Upright Toothpaste
Colgate Toothpaste, Regular



Sodium lauryl sulfate is:

Used in shampoos, hand soaps, hair dyes, bath products, shaving creams and medicated ointments. It is especially useful for opaque, pearlescent, or cream products.

Used in hand dishwashing detergents; used in many cleaning compounds because of cleaning ability, mildness and foaming capability;

Used in electrophoretic separation and molecular weight estimation of proteins; wetting agent, detergent, especially in the textile industry;

Used in the preparation of blood samples for red blood cell counts;

Used as a cleansing agent in cosmetics;

Used as a whipping aid in dried egg products;

Used in the characterization of quaternary ammonium compounds;

Used in the preparation of samples for dietary fiber content

Food additive (emulsifier and thickener)

Used in the electroplating industry, particularly nickel and zinc; as an emulsifier, wetting agent and adjuvant in insecticides; as an emulsifier and penetrant in varnish and paint remover; in the formulation of injection-molded explosives; anti-foaming agent in solid rocket propellants; as a model surfactant and reference toxicant in aquatic and mammalian toxicological testing.

Hazardous Decomposition:

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of (sulfur oxides and sodium oxides). since it is used as an additive in milk, when milk is boiled, we inhale the poisonous gases that are emitted in industries at our home at our convenience. This also results in slow death. This type of adulteration is done in major cities, where everything is business and life is past and the Health administrations are corrupt. Please note the hazards which these poisonous gases can induce on a baby. This explains why the mortality rate is on a high in metropolitan cities compared to the rural and native villages and towns.


FDA Requirements:

Coatings may be applied to fresh citrus fruit for protection of the fruit in accordance with the following conditions: (a) the coating is applied in the minimum amount required to accomplish the intended effect and (b) the coating may be formulated from /sodium lauryl sulfate/ ... used in the minimum quantity required to accomplish the intended effect. Limitation: complying with 172.822. As a film former.



The food additive sodium lauryl sulfate may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions: (a)the additive meets the following specifications: 1. It is a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates consisting chiefly of sodium lauryl sulfate and 2. it has a minimum content of 90% sodium alkyl sulfates. It is used or intended for use: 1. As an emulsifier in or with egg whites whereby the additive does not exceed the following limits: egg white solids, 1000 ppm; frozen egg whites, 125 ppm; and liquid egg whites, 125 ppm. 2. As a whipping agent at a level not to exceed 0.5% by weight of gelatine used in the preparation of marshmallows. 3. As a surfactant in fumaric acid-acidulated dry beverage base whereby the additive does not exceed 25 ppm of the finished beverage and such beverage base in not for use in a food for which a standard of identity established under section 401 of the Act precludes such use. As a surfactant in fumaric acid-acidulated fruit juice drinks whereby the additive does not exceed 25 ppm of the finished fruit juice drink and it is not used in a fruit juice drink for which a standard of identity established under section 401 of the Act precludes such use. 4. As a wetting agent at a level not to exceed 10 ppm in the partition of high and low melting fractions of crude vegetable oils and animal fats, provided that the partition step is followed by a conventional refining process that includes alkali neutralization and deodorization of the fats and oils.

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Red Bull: And its Side-effects

Red Bull is SOLD in all the supermarkets IN OUR country and our children ARE CONSUMING IT ON A TRIAL BASIS, IT can be mortal.

RED BULL was created to stimulate the brains in people who are subjected to great physical force and in stress coma and never to be consumed like an innocent drink or soda pop.

RED BULL IS the energizer DRINK that is commercialized world-wide with its slogan:'It increases endurance; awakens the concentration capacity and the speed of reaction, offers more energy and improves the mood. All this can be found in a can of RED BULL , the power drink of the millennium.

'RED BULL has managed to arrive at almost 100 countries worldwide. The RED BULL logo is targeted at young people and sportsmen, two attractive segments that have been captivated by the stimulus that the drink provides.

It was created by Dietrich Mateschitz, an industrialist of Austrian origin who discovered the drink by chance. It happened during a business trip to Hong Kong , when he was working at a factory that manufactured toothbrushes.

The liquid, based on a formula that contained caffeine and taurine, caused a rage in that country. Imagine the grand success of this drink in Europe where the product still did not exist, besides it was a superb opportunity to become an entrepreneur.
BUT THE TRUTH ABOUT THIS DRINK IS ANOTHER THING:

FRANCE and DENMARK have just prohibited it as a cocktail of death, due to its vitamin components mixed with GLUCURONOLACTONE' , a highly dangerous chemical, which was developed by the United States Department of Defense during the sixties to stimulate the moral of the troops based in VIETNAM, which acted like a hallucinogenic drug that calmed the stress of the war.

But their effects in the organism were so devastating, that it was discontinued, because of the high index of cases of migraines, cerebral tumors and diseases of the liver that was evident in the soldiers who consumed it.

And in spite of it, in the can of RED BULL you can still find as one of its components: GLUCURONOLACTONE, categorized medically as a stimulant. But what it does not say on the can of ,RED BULL are the consequences of its consumption, and that has forced us to place a series of WARNINGS:

1. It is dangerous to take it if you do not engage in physical exercise afterwards, since its energizing function accelerates the heart rate and can cause a sudden attack.

2. You run the risk of undergoing a cerebral hemorrhage, because RED BULL contains components that dilute the blood so that the heart utilizes less energy to pump the blood, and thus be able to deliver physical force with less effort being exerted.

3. It is prohibited to mix RED BULL with alcohol, because the mixture turns the drink into a " Deadly Bomb " that attacks the liver directly, causing the affected area never to regenerate anymore.

4. One of the main components of RED BULL is the B12 vitamin, used in medicine to recover patients who are in a coma; from here the hypertension and the state of excitement which is experienced after taking it, as if you were in a drunken state.

5. The regular consumption of RED BULL triggers off symptoms in the form of a series of irreversible nervous and neuronal diseases.

CONCLUSION: It is a drink that should be prohibited in the entire world as when it is mixed with alcohol it creates a TIME BOMB for the human body, mainly between innocent adolescents and adults with little experience.

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Some uses of Salt

Although one may not realize it, simple table salt has great uses other than simply seasoning your food. The following list will give you some uses of salt, many of which you probably didn't realize:

Soak stained hankies in salt water before washing.

Sprinkle salt on your shelves to keep ants away.

Soak fish in salt water before descaling; the scales will come off easier.

Put a few grains of rice in your salt shaker for easier pouring.

Add salt to green salads to prevent wilting.

Test the freshness of eggs in a cup of salt water; fresh eggs sink; bad ones float.

Add a little salt to your boiling water when cooking eggs; a cracked egg will stay in its shell this way.

A tiny pinch of salt with egg whites makes them beat up fluffier.

Soak wrinkled apples in a mildly salted water solution to perk them up.

Rub salt on your pancake griddle and your flapjacks won't stick.

Soak toothbrushes in salt water before you first use them; they will last longer.

Use salt to clean your discolored coffee pot.

Mix salt with turpentine to whiten you bathtub and toilet bowl.

Soak your nuts in salt brine overnight and they will crack out of their shells whole.

Just tap the end of the shell with a hammer to break it open easily.

Boil clothespins in salt water before using them and they will last longer.

Clean brass, copper and pewter with paste made of salt and vinegar, thickened with flour.

Add a little salt to the water your cut flowers will stand in for a longer life.

Pour a mound of salt on an ink spot on your carpet; let the salt soak up the stain.

Clean your iron by rubbing some salt on the damp cloth on the ironing surface.

Adding a little salt to the water when cooking foods in a double boiler will make the food cook faster.

Use a mixture of salt and lemon juice to clean piano keys.

To fill plaster holes in your walls, use equal parts of salt and starch, with just enough water to make a stiff putty.

Rinse a sore eye with a little salt water.

Mildly salted water makes an effective mouthwash.

Use it hot for a sore throat gargle.

Dry salt sprinkled on your toothbrush makes a good tooth polisher.

Use salt for killing weeds in your lawn.

Eliminate excess suds with a sprinkle of salt.

A dash of salt in warm milk makes a more relaxing beverage.

Before using new glasses, soak them in warm salty water for a while.

A dash of salt enhances the taste of tea.

Salt improves the taste of cooking apples.

Soak your clothes line in salt water to prevent your clothes from freezing to the line; likewise, use salt in your final rinse to prevent the clothes from freezing.

Rub any wicker furniture you may have with salt water to prevent yellowing.

Freshen sponges by soaking them in salt water.

Add raw potatoes to stews and soups that are too salty.

Soak enamel pans in salt water overnight and boil salt water in them next day to remove burned-on stains.

Clean your greens in salt water for easier removal of dirt.

Gelatin sets more quickly when a dash of salt is added.

Fruits put in mildly salted water after peeling will not discolor.

Fabric colors hold fast in salty water wash.

Milk stays fresh longer when a little salt is added.

Use equal parts of salt and soda for brushing your teeth.

Sprinkle salt in your oven before scrubbing clean.

Soaked discolored glass in a salt and vinegar solution to remove stains.

Clean greasy pans with a paper towel and salt.

Salty water boils faster when cooking eggs.

Add a pinch of salt to whipping cream to make it whip more quickly.

Sprinkle salt in milk-scorched pans to remove odor.

A dash of salt improves the taste of coffee.

Boil mismatched hose in salty water and they will come out matched.

Salt and soda will sweeten the odor of your refrigerator.

Cover wine-stained fabric with salt; rinse in cool water later.

Remove offensive odors from stove with salt and cinnamon.

A pinch of salt improves the flavor of cocoa.

To remove grease stains in clothing, mix one part salt to four parts alcohol.

Salt and lemon juice? Removes mildew.

Sprinkle salt between sidewalk bricks where you don't want grass growing.

Polish your old kerosene lamp with salt for a better look.

Remove odors from sink drainpipes with a strong, hot solution of salt water.

If a pie bubbles over in your oven, put a handful of salt on top of the spilled juice.

The mess won't smell and will bake into a dry, light crust which will wipe off easily when the oven has cooled

Drop a picec of charcoal in any curry to remove excess salt when prepared for any ceremonies.

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